Por qué
$8K/año literalmente free.
$5-8K/año lost. $500K-$1M career.
Regla
Pre-tax = save 22-32% instantly.
Lo que aprenderás
6 conceptos.
Pre vs post
Deduct now vs never.
401(k) match
Always get full match.
HSA triple
3 advantages. Only HSA.
Trad vs Roth
Compare rates.
FSA
Use or lose.
Priority order
Order matters $$.
Pre vs post
Pre-tax math.
| Sin 401(k) | Traditional $10K | Roth $10K | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salary | $80,000 | $80,000 | $80,000 |
| 401(k) | $0 | -$10,000 | -$10,000 |
| Taxable | $80,000 | $70,000 | $80,000 |
| Federal tax | $9,441 | $7,241 | $9,441 |
| Cash-in-pocket | $70,559 | $62,759 | $60,559 |
| Difference | — | -$7,800 | -$10,000 |
| Effective cost | — | $7,800 | $10,000 |
Observación
$2,200 saved today Traditional. Roth $0 today, tax-free later.
401(k) Trad
Traditional 401(k).
Limits 2024
$23K/año + catch-up.
Tax
Tax later.
Withdrawal
59½ threshold.
Vesting
Vesting affects job change.
401(k) match
Match = 100% return. Priority #1.
Roth 401(k)
Roth 401(k).
Since 2006. Tax-free retirement.
Tax
Post-tax now, free later.
Match rule
Match usually Trad.
Limits SAME
Limits combined. Split allowed.
Framework
Decision framework.
| Situation | Recommendation | Why |
|---|---|---|
| High now, low retirement | Traditional | Rate arbitrage |
| Low now, growing career | Roth | Time favors Roth |
| Middle, uncertain | División 50/50 | Hedge risk |
| Near retirement, high earner | Traditional | Time short |
| Very young, starting | Roth 100% | Time massive |
| Optimizing withdrawal strategy | Ambos | Optionality |
Regla
Trad 401(k) match + Roth IRA = default.
HSA triple
Triple tax advantage.
Unique en código fiscal.
3 advantages.
1. Deductible IN
Save 22-32% now.
2. Tax-free GROWTH
Zero investment taxes.
3. Tax-free OUT
Tax-free medical.
Limits 2024
$4,150 / $8,300 / +$1K catch-up.
Requires HDHP
HDHP required.
FICA bonus
HSA saves FICA too. Better than 401(k).
HSA stealth
HSA = stealth retirement.
DON'T spend it. Invest it.
- 1
Contribute + preserve
Contribute + preserve.
- 2
Invest inside HSA
Fidelity/Lively/HSA Bank.
- 3
Retirement withdrawal
$500K+ balance possible.
- 4
Post-65 flexibility
Post-65 = like 401(k) + medical bonus.
30-year math
$1M+ HSA possible. Stack accounts.
FSA
FSA use-it-or-lose-it.
Healthcare FSA
Use en año o lose.
Dependent Care FSA
$5K for daycare.
FSA vs HSA
HSA superior. FSA for specific cases.
Commuter
Commuter benefits.
$630/mes potential. Underused.
Transit
Bus, subway, ferry.
Parking
Work parking.
Jorge
Jorge: $145K HSA impact.
Discovery.
Jorge, engineer, $135K.
Chose PPO. Avoided HDHP + HSA.
HDHP = same cost + HSA unlocked.
$4,196/año immediate improvement.
5 años: $52K HSA + $18K receipts.
20-year impact: $145K. 30-min decision.
Priority order
Priority order.
-
1
401(k) match
Free money. 100% return.
-
2
HSA max
Triple tax. $8,300 family.
-
3
High-interest debt
7-24% guaranteed return.
-
4
Roth IRA max
$7K tax-free.
-
5
401(k) max
$23K limit.
-
6
Backdoor Roth
High-income Roth.
-
7
Taxable brokerage
Taxable after.
Errors
6 common errors.
Missing match
$53K perdido typical.
HSA misuse
Contribute + invest.
Wrong Trad/Roth
Young = Roth.
Avoiding HDHP
Model both plans.
FSA forfeit
$500M forfeit annually.
Commuter ignored
$800/año possible.
Resumen
Lo que te llevas.
Priority order
Order = $$$.
HSA unique
Triple + FICA. $1M+ potential.
Trad vs Roth
Compare rates.
Match untouchable
Match = #1.
Tu acción esta semana
Stack tus accounts.
Verify. Calculate. Enroll. $150K-500K impact.
Ir al HSA Calculator →Ejercicio
Ejercicio rápido: 4 preguntas.
¿Triple tax advantage?
- Traditional 401(k)
- Roth IRA
- HSA
- Healthcare FSA
¿Priority #1?
- 401(k) match
- Max HSA
- Roth IRA
- Emergency fund
¿Cuándo Roth wins?
- Highest bracket now
- Current < future
- Roth siempre
- Traditional siempre
¿HSA family limit 2024?
- $4,150
- $8,300
- $12,000
- $23,000
Preguntas frecuentes
FAQ
¿Job change 401(k)?
Rollover to IRA usually best.
¿No match?
Priority shifts.
¿HSA solo healthy?
Healthy + sick both benefit.
¿HSA o Trad IRA?
HSA wins.
¿Roth income too high?
Backdoor Roth.
¿IRA + 401(k)?
Stack accounts.
¿State deduction 401(k)?
Most states yes.
Recursos y FUTURO
Herramientas y coaching con FUTURO.
-
💊
HSA Calculator
Lifetime value quantified.
-
Trad vs Roth
Rate arbitrage analysis.
-
Priority Optimizer
Personalized ranking.
